Abstract
Complete surgical removal of cholesteatoma has been traditionally performed by microscopic approaches. In recent years, use of endoscopes in middle ear surgery is gaining increasing importance. The wide field view offered by the endoscopes in comparison to the narrow field of view of the binocular microscope enables a surgeon to see and dissect around corners, thereby exposing 'hidden recesses' of the middle ear which can be useful during cholesteatoma surgery. To identify remnant cholesteatoma in difficult access sites of the middle ear cleft using endoscopes following a microscope assisted mastoidectomy. A cross sectional study was conducted in patients who were clinically diagnosed with cholesteatoma. Patients were subjected to High Resolution Computed Tomography of the temporal bone and pre-operative audiological tests. Mastoid exploration was performed microscopically followed by endoscopic evaluation and clearance of disease in the same setting. Patients were then followed up post-operative and endoscopically evaluated to look for any remnant disease. A total of 45 patients were included, all of which underwent microscopic assisted mastoidectomy. Remnant cholesteatoma was discovered in 15 out of 45 cases (33%) distributed in the hidden areas; in the region of sinus tympani 9(60%), anterior epitympanum 4(27%), hypotympanum 1(7%) and tip Cells 1(7%). It can be concluded that endoscopes have a definite role in evaluation and complete surgical clearance of cholesteatoma particularly from the hidden areas of middle ear cleft which would have otherwise been missed by the straight line view of a microscope thereby grossly reducing the rate of remnant disease. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12070-023-04263-6.