Designing Homogeneous Copper-Free Sonogashira Reaction through a Prism of Pd-Pd Transmetalation

通过钯-钯金属转移棱镜设计均相无铜Sonogashira反应

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Abstract

Simultaneous introduction of two different palladium (pre)catalysts, one tuned to promote oxidative addition to (hetero)aryl bromide and another to activate terminal alkyne substrate, leads to productive Pd-Pd transmetalation, subsequent reductive elimination, and formation of disubstituted alkyne. This conceptually novel rational design of copper-free Sonogashira reaction enabled facile identification of the reaction conditions, suitable for the synthesis of alkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl substituted alkynes at room temperature with as low as 0.125 mol % total Pd loading.

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