Abstract
Tumor tolerance plays a critical role in tumor growth and escape from immune surveillance. The mechanism of tumor tolerance development is not fully understood. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in tumor tolerance. TIM4 (T cell immunoglobulin- and mucin domain-containing molecule-4) is involved in immune regulation. We investigated the role of TIM4 in the induction of Tregs in tumors. Surgically removed glioma tissue and peripheral blood samples were obtained from 25 glioma patients. Immune cells were isolated from the tissue and blood samples. Confocal microscopy was employed to detect macrophages phagocytosing apoptotic T cells. The generation of tumor-specific Tregs and the immune suppression function of Tregs were observed in cell culture models. High levels of TIM4 were detected in glioma-derived macrophages. Phosphatidylserine (PS) was detected in glioma-derived T cells; naïve T cells expressed low levels of PS that could be up-regulated by hypoxia. Glioma-derived macrophages phagocytosed PS-expressing T cells, gaining the tolerogenic properties, which could induce tumor-specific Tregs; the latter could suppress tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells. We conclude that macrophage-derived TIM4 plays an important role in the induction of Tregs in gliomas, which may play an important role in tumor tolerance.