Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Digital ulcers are an important disease manifestation of systemic sclerosis and are associated with significant morbidity. As such, there is an urgent need for the development of evidence-based recommendations to guide clinicians in the treatment of digital ulcers. METHODS: A steering committee of international experts was established. A systematic review of the literature pertaining to the use of pharmacologic treatments in the management of digital ulcers was performed to inform the development of treatment recommendations for systemic sclerosis digital ulcers. Consensus methodology was used to develop the final treatment recommendations. RESULTS: The World Scleroderma Foundation committee agreed on 8 overarching treatment principles and 10 pharmacologic treatment recommendations for the management of systemic sclerosis digital ulcers. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors and intravenous iloprost were recommended for the management of acute digital ulcers. Bosentan was recommended for prevention of digital ulcers. CONCLUSION: This study has yielded pragmatic treatment recommendations to direct treatment decisions for the management of systemic sclerosis digital ulcers. In addition, results have highlighted areas in need of future research in order to improve patient outcomes.