Abstract
This mixed-methods study investigates the adoption of generative AI among orthopaedic surgeons, employing a Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) based survey (n = 177) and follow-up interviews (n = 7). The research reveals varying levels of AI familiarity and usage patterns, with higher adoption in research and professional development compared to direct patient care. A significant generational divide in perceived ease of use highlights the need for tailored training approaches. Qualitative insights uncover barriers to adoption, including the need for more evidence-based support, as well as concerns about maintaining critical thinking skills. The study exposes a complex interplay of individual, technological, and organisational factors influencing AI adoption in orthopaedic surgery. The findings underscore the need for a nuanced approach to AI integration that considers the unique aspects of orthopaedic surgery and the diverse perspectives of surgeons at different career stages. This provides valuable insights for educational institutions and healthcare organisations in navigating the challenges and opportunities of AI adoption in specialised medical fields.