Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Numerous international studies have identified hospital volume as significant independent variable of death following pancreatic surgery. Most of these studies were limited to regions of countries or portions of a national population and did not include data on volume-outcome effects in Germany. METHODS: The Medline database was systematically searched to identify studies that analyzed volume-outcome relationships and effects of minimum caseload requirements on outcomes of pancreatic surgery in Germany. RESULTS: Recent observational studies utilizing German hospital discharge data confirmed that patients undergoing pancreatic surgery in Germany also have better outcomes when treated in facilities with high annual caseloads. Besides a decreased risk of in-hospital mortality, there is also a reduced risk of 1-year mortality in high-volume hospitals. In addition, there is evidence that adherence to already existing minimum caseload requirements reduces morbidity and mortality of pancreatic surgery in Germany. As a result of an insufficient centralization in the recent past, however, a large proportion of hospitals that perform pancreatic surgery still do not meet minimum caseload requirements. CONCLUSIONS: Specific measures (i.e. sanctions for failure to achieve minimum volumes) that initiate a sufficient centralization process without threatening patient access to surgical care are needed.