Abstract
BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a rapidly growing and most life-threatening malignant brain tumor. The significance of early treatment to the clinical outcomes of patients with GBM is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether early diagnosis and surgery improve the preoperative and postoperative Karnofsky performance status (KPS) and prognosis of patients with GBM. METHODS: Data of isocitrate dehydrogenase-wildtype patients with GBM treated at our institution between January 2010 and December 2019 were reviewed. Patients were classified into early or late diagnosis groups with a threshold of 14 days from initial symptoms. In addition, patients were divided into early, intermediate, and late surgery groups with thresholds of 21 and 35 days. Representative symptoms and patient prognoses were examined. RESULTS: Of 153 patients, 72 and 81 were classified into the early and late diagnosis groups. The median tumor volume was significantly smaller in the former group. The proportion of patients with preoperative KPS scores 90 was 48.6% and 29.6% in the early and late diagnosis groups ( P = .016). The early, intermediate, and late surgery groups included 43, 24, and 86 patients. The median overall survival was significantly longer in the early surgery group than in the late surgery group (28.4 vs 18.7 months, P = .006). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that significant predictors of shorter survival included extent of tumor resection (partial or biopsy), preoperative and postoperative KPS 60, and O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase promoter status (unmethylated). CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis within 2 weeks and surgical interventions within 3 weeks from the symptom onset are associated with prolonged patient survival. Early GBM treatment will benefit patients with GBM.