Conclusions
Due to these observed changes, we suggest that local RAAS activity in the prediabetes state in selected organs elicits the derangements noted in type 2 diabetes.
Methods
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into two groups: (i) non-prediabetes through exposure to standard rat chow group; and (ii) diet-induced prediabetes group by exposure to a high-fat high-carbohydrate diet for 32 weeks. RAAS activity in the skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, pancreas and heart was determined through the analysis of RAAS components, such as renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin II type 1 receptor through polymerase chain reaction, as well as the quantification of angiotensin II and aldosterone concentration. Furthermore, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase 1 concentrations were determined in the skeletal muscle, pancreas and heart, in addition to the hepatic triglycerides.
Results
The RAAS components were elevated in the diet-induced prediabetes group when compared with the non-prediabetes group. This was further accompanied by increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and reduced superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase 1 concentrations in the selected organs, in addition to the elevated hepatic triglycerides concentration in the diet-induced prediabetes by comparison to non-prediabetes group. Conclusions: Due to these observed changes, we suggest that local RAAS activity in the prediabetes state in selected organs elicits the derangements noted in type 2 diabetes.