Abstract
Quantitative prediction on protein synthesis requires accurate translation initiation and codon translation rates. Ribosome profiling data, which provide steady-state distribution of relative ribosome occupancies along a transcript, can be used to extract these rate parameters. Various methods have been developed in the past few years to measure translation-initiation and codon translation rates from ribosome profiling data. In the review, we provide a detailed analysis of the key methods employed to extract the translation rate parameters from ribosome profiling data. We further discuss how these approaches were used to decipher the role of various structural and sequence-based features of mRNA molecules in the regulation of gene expression. The utilization of these accurate rate parameters in computational modeling of protein synthesis may provide new insights into the kinetic control of the process of gene expression.