Abstract
Pneumocephalus, the presence of air within the cranium, commonly suggests a breach in the meningeal layer or an intracranial infection by a gas-producing organism. Trauma is the most common cause of pneumocephalus, followed by cranial surgery. Other causes include infection and intracranial neoplasm. An 87-year-old man was conveyed to the emergency department after being found to be drowsy by his helper. He was noted to have a new onset right-sided hemiparesis. Past medical history was significant for hypertension, stage 5 chronic kidney disease, cerebrovascular accident, pacemaker insertion for sick sinus syndrome, transurethral resection of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia, and pulmonary tuberculosis. Computed tomography (CT) of the brain revealed pneumocephalus with air within the dural venous sinuses. A facial bone CT that was performed to look for a fracture demonstrated a minimally displaced fracture of the lateral wall of the right maxillary sinus. There was an acute left middle cerebral artery territory infarct with a hemorrhagic conversion. Despite medical treatment, the patient demised one month after the initial presentation. Pneumocephalus is an uncommon finding, even in trauma. In the event that the clinical presentation cannot be explained by the mere presence of air within the cranium, another diagnosis ought to be sought. The delay in finding an alternative diagnosis and its management can be disastrous or even fatal.