Abstract
Women attending antenatal care (ANC) are a generally healthy, easy-access population, contributing valuable data for infectious disease surveillance at the community level. ANC-based malaria surveillance would provide a routine measure of the malaria burden in pregnancy, which countries lack, whilst potentially improving pregnancy outcomes. It could also offer contemporary information on temporal trends and the geographic distribution of malaria burden as well as intervention coverage in the population to guide resource allocation and to assess progress towards elimination. Here, we review the factors underlying the relationship between Plasmodium falciparum in pregnancy and in the community, and outline strengths and limitations of an ANC-based surveillance in sub-Saharan Africa, its potential role within wider malaria surveillance systems, and subsequent programmatic applications.