Conclusion
The DOX-AVC combination demonstrated a potent synergistic effect, enhancing apoptosis in BC cells by modulating mitochondrial pathways. This approach may provide a promising strategy for reducing chemotherapy side effects in BC treatment. Further studies in pre-clinical models are warranted to explore its therapeutic potential.
Methods
MCF-7 cells were treated with various concentrations of DOX and AVC. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of DOX combined with AVC was evaluated in the MCF-7 cells using an MTT assay, while gene expression levels of Ki-67, MTCH1, and VDAC2 were assessed through real-time polymerase chain reaction. Apoptotic rates were measured using flow cytometry.
Results
DOX and AVC combination reduced the IC50 value by 2.1-fold compared to DOX alone, indicating enhanced cytotoxicity. Co-treatment significantly downregulated Ki-67 expression and increased apoptosis by 76% in cells treated with 3 μM DOX and 160 μM AVC. Gene expression analysis revealed a 4.8-fold increase in MTCH1 and a 15-fold increase in VDAC2 compared to DOX treatment alone.