Conclusion
IL-39 levels were elevated in the presence of periodontal disease paralleling the increase in IL‑1β and periostin levels. IL-39 may have a role in the periodontal inflammation process. Statement of clinical relevance: IL-39, a new cytokine from the IL-12 family, can be a possible predictor marker of periodontal diseases.
Methods
Sixty-six adult patients were included in the study. The study design was comprised of three groups, each containing 22 individuals: the periodontally healthy (PH), gingivitis (G), and periodontitis (P) groups. The clinical periodontal parameters were recorded and GCF samples were collected from the participants. GCF interleukin (IL)-39, IL-1β, and periostin levels were examined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results
GCF IL‑1β, periostin, and IL-39 levels were higher in the P and G groups than in the PH group (p < 0.001). Positive correlations were detected between all GCF biochemical parameters and clinical periodontal parameters (p < 0.05). In the multivariate generalized linear regression analysis, the P (β = 37.6, 95% CI = 22.9-52.4) and G (β = 28.4, 95% CI = 15.8-41) groups were associated with GCF IL-39 levels (p < 0.001).