Abstract
INTRODUCTION: During the COVID-19 pandemic, incidence of brain abscesses is difficult to assess. Numerous studies reported benign and severe post SARS-CoV-2 vaccine side effects, including rare cases of brain abscesses associated with COVID-19 or Anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Here in, we report what we believe to be, up to date, the fourth known case in the medical literature of a streptococcus salivarius brain abscess, the first intra parenchymatous or supra-tentorial streptococcus salivarius brain abscess and also the first that occurs following an anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the case of a north african 63-year-old man with an unremarkable medical history except for recent anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations. Following the administration of a third anti-SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccine, the patient developed neurological symptoms, including left hemiparesis, facial palsy, vertigo, and balance issues. Imaging studies revealed a right temporo-parietal lesion consistent with intracranial suppuration. Stereotaxic cerebral biopsy confirmed the presence of purulent content, indicating a brain abscess caused by multi-sensitive streptococcus salivarius. CONCLUSION: Sepsis-induced immunodepression appears to be a consequence of severe inflammatory state, as it dysregulates leukocytes population and results in serious infections. A plausible hypothesis is that a previous stress such as anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could lead to the development of a streptococcus salivarius septicemia. In light of the available evidence and research findings, no definitive conclusion can be drawn regarding any potential link between anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the physiopathology of sepsis-induced immunodepression.