Abstract
The aim of this Research Article is to present three different techniques of poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) (polyNaSS) covalent grafting onto titanium (Ti) surfaces and study the influence of their architecture on biological response. Two of them are "grafting from" techniques requiring an activation step either by thermal or UV irradiation. The third method is a "grafting to" technique involving an anchorage molecule onto which polyNaSS synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is clicked. The advantage of the "grafting to" technique when compared to the "grafting from" technique is the ability to control the architecture and length of the grafted polymers on the Ti surface and their influence on the biological responses. This investigation compares the effect of the three different grafting processes on the in vitro biological responses of bacteria and osteoblasts. Overall outcomes of this investigation confirmed the significance of the sulfonate functional groups on the biological responses, regardless of the grafting method. In addition, results showed that the architecture and distribution of grafted polyNaSS on Ti surfaces alter the intensity of the bacteria response mediated by fibronectin.