Abstract
Background: Human serum albumin (HSA) is a commonly used medication for the treatment of sepsis. However, there is no conclusive evidence as to whether different concentrations of HSA are associated with patient prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the association between different concentrations of HSA and 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis. Methods: The data for this retrospective study were collected from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database. Patients with sepsis were divided into two groups according to the concentration of HSA received: 25% and 5% HSA. The primary outcome of this study was the 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis. To ensure the robustness of our findings, we used multivariate Cox regression, propensity score matching, double-robust estimation, and inverse probability weighting models. Results: A total of 76,943 patients were screened, of whom 5,009 were enrolled. 1,258 and 3,751 patients received 25% and 5% HSA, respectively. The 28-day mortality rate was 38.2% (481/1,258) for patients in the 25% HSA group and 8.7% (325/3,751) for patients in the 5% HSA group. After propensity score matching, 1,648 patients were identified. The inverse probability weighting model suggested that 5% HSA received was associated with lower 28-day mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54-0.73, p < 0.001). Subgroup and sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the results. Conclusion: In patients with sepsis, 5% HSA received may be associated with a lower risk of 28-day mortality than 25% HSA. Further randomized controlled trials are required to confirm this association.