Abstract
The work of modern neurosurgical glioma practice combines securing accurate diagnoses, under the 2016 revised World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, with an aggressive and safe surgical pursuit of tumor removal. The evidence base that drives clinical decision-making has undergone a critical reevaluation with the incorporation of molecular classifiers into the updated WHO diagnoses including the 3 most common diffuse gliomas in adults: glioblastoma IDH wild-type, astrocytoma IDH mutant, and oligodendroglioma IDH mutant 1p/19q codeleted. The studies that form the foundation of modern practice, and the areas for future inquiry are reviewed.