Abstract
Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV), a member of the human poxvirus family, encodes the MC159 protein that inhibits Fas-, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligant (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis. We used site-directed mutagenesis to change charged or hydrophobic amino acid residues to alanines to identify regions of MC159 that are critical for protection from apoptosis and for protein-protein interactions. Surprisingly, while MC159 is thought to block apoptosis by binding to Fas-associated death domain (FADD) or caspase-8, several mutants that lost apoptosis blocking activity still bound to both FADD and caspase-8. Mutations in the predicted hydrophobic patch 1 and alpha2 regions of both death effector domains (DEDs) within MC159 resulted in loss of the ability to bind to FADD or caspase-8 and to block apoptosis. Amino acid substitutions in the RXDL motif located in the alpha6 region of either DED resulted in loss of protection from apoptosis induced by Fas, TNF, and TRAIL and abolished the ability of MC159 to block death effector filament formation. Thus, charged or hydrophobic amino acids in three regions of the MC159 DEDs (hydrophobic patch 1, alpha2, and alpha6) are critical for the protein's ability to interact with cellular proteins and to block apoptosis.