Abstract
Traditional hemostatic materials are difficult to meet the needs of non-compressible bleeding and for coagulopathic patients. In addition, open wounds are susceptible to infection, and then develop into chronic wounds. However, the development of integrated dressings that do not depend on coagulation pathway and improve the microenvironment of chronic wounds remains a challenge. Inspired by the porous structure and composition of the natural extracellular matrix, adipic dihydrazide modified gelatin (GA), dodecylamine-grafted hyaluronic acid (HD), and MnO(2) nanozyme (manganese dioxide)@DFO (deferoxamine)@PDA (polydopamine) (MDP) nanoparticles were combined to prepare GA/HD/MDP cryogels through amidation reaction and hydrogen bonding. These cryogels exhibited good fatigue resistance, photothermal antibacterial (about 98% killing ratios of both Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) after 3 min near-infrared irradiation), reactive oxygen species scavenging, oxygen release, and angiogenesis properties. Furthermore, in the liver defect model of rats with coagulopathy, the cryogel displayed less bleeding and shorter hemostasis time than commercial gelatin sponge. In MRSA-infected diabetic wounds, the cryogel could decrease wound inflammation and oxidative stress, alleviate the hypoxic environment, promote collagen deposition, and induce vascular regeneration, showing a better repair effect compared with the Tegaderm™ film. These results indicated that GA/HD/MDP cryogels have great potential in non-compressible hemorrhage for coagulopathic patients and in healing infected wounds for diabetic patients.