Abstract
The metal-carbon dioxide batteries, emerging as high-energy-density energy storage devices, enable direct CO(2) utilization, offering promising prospects for CO(2) capture and utilization, energy conversion, and storage. However, the electrochemical performance of M-CO(2) batteries faces significant challenges, particularly at extreme temperatures. Issues such as high overpotential, poor charge reversibility, and cycling capacity decay arise from complex reaction interfaces, sluggish oxidation kinetics, inefficient catalysts, dendrite growth, and unstable electrolytes. Despite significant advancements at room temperature, limited research has focused on the performance of M-CO(2) batteries across a wide-temperature range. This review examines the effects of low and high temperatures on M-CO(2) battery components and their reaction mechanism, as well as the advancements made in extending operational ranges from room temperature to extremely low and high temperatures. It discusses strategies to enhance electrochemical performance at extreme temperatures and outlines opportunities, challenges, and future directions for the development of M-CO(2) batteries.