Abstract
Niobium pentoxide (Nb(2)O(5)) anodes have gained increasing attentions for high-power lithium-ion batteries owing to the outstanding rate capability and high safety. However, Nb(2)O(5) anode suffers poor cycle stability even after modified and the unrevealed mechanisms have restricted the practical applications. Herein, the over-reduction of Nb(5+) has been demonstrated to be the critical reason for the capacity loss for the first time. Besides, an effective competitive redox strategy has been developed to solve the rapid capacity decay of Nb(2)O(5), which can be achieved by the incorporation of vanadium to form a new rutile VNbO(4) anode. The highly reversible V(3+)/V(2+) redox couple in VNbO(4) can effectively inhibit the over-reduction of Nb(5+). Besides, the electron migration from V(3+) to Nb(5+) can greatly increase the intrinsic electronic conductivity for VNbO(4). As a result, VNbO(4) anode delivers a high capacity of 206.1 mAh g(-1) at 0.1 A g(-1), as well as remarkable cycle performance with a retention of 93.4% after 2000 cycles at 1.0 A g(-1). In addition, the assembled lithium-ion capacitor demonstrates a high energy density of 44 Wh kg(-1) at 5.8 kW kg(-1). In summary, our work provides a new insight into the design of ultra-fast and durable anodes.