Abstract
High glucose-induced vascular endothelial cell injury serves as a primary pathological factor contributing to delayed healing of diabetic wounds. Effective wound vascularization remains a core challenge in tissue engineering research. Hydrogel-based injectable technology and three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology, through synergistic innovation of biomaterials and advanced manufacturing processes, enable precise construction of bionic tissue structures, laying the foundation for functional organ replacement. This review focuses on discussing the synergistic strategies of injectable hydrogels and 3D bioprinted hydrogels in tissue engineering vascularization, as well as the clinical translation of intraoperative bioprinting and its synergistic vascularization strategies, which is currently in urgent need of development. These advancements are expected to provide novel strategies for the repair of diabetic wounds.