Abstract
Background: Nephrocutaneous fistula (NF) is a rare pathologic condition in urology practice. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and renal tuberculosis are the two common causes of this pathologic condition. Another rare cause of NF is surgery. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is standard treatment for >2 cm renal stones. However, this surgery can be associated with surgical complications in long-term follow-up. NF is a rare complication of percutaneous renal surgery. Case Presentation: In this study, we present a 31-year-old man with continuous urine leakage at the nephrolithotomy scar during 11 months, starting from 1 month after surgery. Final confirmation is NF and could be treated with nephrectomy. Conclusion: Surgical treatment such as nephrectomy is essential for non- or low functioning kidney with fistula formation. Patients must be informed about this complication.