Abstract
Oxylipins (compounds derived from the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids) are essential in retrograde signaling emanating from plastids to the nucleus during plant developmental and stress responses. In this graphical review, we provide an overview of the chemical structure, biosynthesis and role of oxylipins, as both redox and hormonal signals, in controlling plant development and stress responses. We also briefly summarize current gaps in the understanding of the involvement of oxylipins in plastidial retrograde signaling to highlight future avenues for research.