Abstract
The natural world is constantly changing, and planetary boundaries are issuing severe warnings about biodiversity and cycles of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. In other views, social problems such as global warming and food shortages are spreading to various fields. These seemingly unrelated issues are closely related, but it can be said that understanding them in an integrated manner is still a step away. However, progress in analytical technologies has been recognized in various fields and, from a microscopic perspective, with the development of instruments including next-generation sequencers (NGS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS), various forms of molecular information such as genome data, microflora structure, metabolome, proteome, and lipidome can be obtained. The development of new technology has made it possible to obtain molecular information in a variety of forms. From a macroscopic perspective, the development of environmental analytical instruments and environmental measurement facilities such as satellites, drones, observation ships, and semiconductor censors has increased the data availability for various environmental factors. Based on these background, the role of computational science is to provide a mechanism for integrating and understanding these seemingly disparate data sets. This review describes machine learning and the need for structural equations and statistical causal inference of these data to solve these problems. In addition to introducing actual examples of how these technologies can be utilized, we will discuss how to use these technologies to implement environmentally friendly technologies in society.