Abstract
BACKGROUND: Liver cancer (LC) is a prevalent malignancy characterized by insidious onset, high recurrence rates, and significant mortality. The herbal combination "Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium-Reynoutria japonica" (CR) has traditionally been used for managing LC and related disorders, demonstrating notable therapeutic efficacy. This study aims to identify the molecular targets of CR in LC and assess its pharmacological properties and potential toxicity. METHODS: We used GeneCards, OMIM, and TTD databases to identify targets associated with liver cancer and constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) and herbal-target-pathway-disease interaction networks. We performed Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses to explore the molecular mechanisms of CR. We also used differential expression analysis with GEO datasets (GSE76427, GSE87630, and GSE112790) to validate liver cancer-related targets and identify common core targets. RESULTS: Survival analysis indicated that HSP90AA1 may serve as a potential biomarker for LC. Molecular docking studies showed that rhein, a compound in CR, has a strong binding affinity to the identified target proteins. This research provides robust theoretical support for the clinical application of CR in treating LC, especially in cases related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or Metabolic Lipid Disorders (DLM).