Objective
To study the concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptors-1 and -2 (sVEGFR-1 and -2), angiogenin, and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) in serum and peritoneal fluid from healthy controls and women with advanced endometriosis. Further, we addressed the question of whether surgical removal of endometriotic lesions was associated with normalization of the serum concentrations of the same markers. Design: Patients with endometriosis before and after surgery were compared with control patients. Setting: University Hospital. Patient(s): Twenty-one healthy controls and 32 women with advanced endometriosis. Intervention(s): In women with endometriosis we performed surgical removal of endometriotic lesions using laparoscopy. Main outcome measure(s): Data on serum and peritoneal fluid concentrations of selected markers in healthy controls and women with endometriosis before surgery and in serum 5 to 7 days after surgery. Result(s): Women with endometriosis had elevated levels of VEGF-A, sVEGFR-1, and Ang-2 in serum and all studied markers in peritoneal fluid compared with healthy controls. Surgical removal of endometriotic lesions resulted in decreased serum levels of pro-angiogenic VEGF-A and increased levels of sVEGFR-2 that negatively regulates the action of VEGF.