Abstract
The relationship of the blood oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal to its underlying neuronal activity is still poorly understood. Combined physiology and functional MRI experiments suggested that local field potential (LFP) is a better predictor of the BOLD signal than multiunit activity (MUA). To further explore this relationship, we simultaneously recorded BOLD and electrophysiological activity while inducing a dissociation of MUA from LFP activity with injections of the neuromodulator BP554 into the primary visual cortex of anesthetized monkeys. BP554 is a 5-HT1A agonist acting primarily on the membrane of efferent neurons by potassium-induced hyperpolarization. Its infusion in visual cortex reliably reduced MUA without affecting either LFP or BOLD activity. This finding suggests that the efferents of a neuronal network pose relatively little metabolic burden compared with the overall presynaptic and postsynaptic processing of incoming afferents. We discuss implications of this finding for the interpretation of BOLD activity.