Abstract
The sub-compartmentalization of cellular processes is especially important in highly polarized cells such as neurons, as their function rely on their complex morphology. The association of RNAs to the mitochondrial surface is a conserved feature from yeast to humans and it regulates several aspects of mitochondrial physiology and, hence, cellular functions. In neurons, mitochondria are emerging as platforms for RNA transport and local protein translation. In this review, we discuss how RNA localization to mitochondria helps to sustain mitochondrial function, and how this can support mitochondrial homeostasis, especially in the distal parts of the neuron, to support neuronal activity.