Abstract
BACKGROUND: In this paper, we present a 9-year-old boy who demonstrates a complex interplay between myopia progression, axial length (AL) extension, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness loss in both eyes. Additionally, concurrent optic neuritis has directly impacted RNFL thickness in his right eye, and its potential indirect influence on RNFL and macular ganglion cell layer (mGCL) thickness in his left eye is also noteworthy. CASE SUMMARY: A 9-year-old boy with bilateral myopia presented with diminished vision and pain in his right eye due to optic neuritis, while his left eye showed pseudopapilledema. Steroid therapy improved his vision in the right eye, and 16-mo follow-up revealed recovery without recurrence despite myopia progression. Follow-up optical coherence tomography conducted 16 mo later revealed a notable thinning of the RNFL in both eyes, especially along with a reduction in mGCL thickness in the left eye. This intricate interaction between optic neuritis, myopia, and retinal changes underscores the need for comprehensive management, highlighting potential long-term visual implications in young patients. CONCLUSION: The progression of myopia and AL extension led to the loss of RNFL thickness in both eyes in a 9-year-old boy. Concurrently, optic neuritis directly affected RNFL thickness in his right eye and may indirectly play a role in the thickness of RNFL and mGCL in his left eye.