Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Biliary atresia (BA) is the most common cause of neonatal jaundice, characterized by progressive and rapid liver fibrosis. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to the liver fibrogenesis. We investigated the miRNA-21 impact in liver fibrogenesis in Indonesian BA patients. RESULTS: There were 5, 4, and 7 BA patients with type 2A, 2B, and 3, respectively. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed that the miRNA-21 expression was significantly increased (18-fold) in BA patients compared to controls (- 4.4 ± 4.0 vs. - 0.2 ± 4.8; p = 0.041). Furthermore, the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) expression was significantly down-regulated (3.1-fold) in BA group compared to control group (0.2 ± 1.4 vs. - 1.4 ± 1.7; p = 0.036). The α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression was not statistically significantly different between groups (13.7 ± 3.8 vs. 15.0 ± 4.8; p = 0.87). Interestingly, the miRNA-21 expression was significantly lower (25-fold) in cirrhosis than non-cirrhosis BA patients (- 0.8 ± 2.2 vs. - 5.3 ± 3.9; p = 0.004). In conclusions, our study provides support for the association between miRNA-21 expression and liver cirrhosis in BA patients. Further study with a larger sample size of patients is important to confirm our results.