Abstract
PURPOSE: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death in the Saudi Arabia (KSA). Over the last decade dyslipidemia has been the predominant risk factor in KSA. The linear relationship between low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, a marker for dyslipidemia, and progression of ASCVD is well established. The objective of this paper is to to provide an overview of the burden of disease, outline current clinical practice guidelines (CPG), examine gaps in care, and provide actionable recommendations to prevent, diagnose, and treat dyslipidemia in KSA. RESULTS: Saudi Arabia has the highest prevalence of ASCVD in the Gulf region. Several gaps in the implementation of CPGs, including the underdiagnosis and undertreatment of dyslipidemia, inadequate primary and secondary prevention efforts, complicated by a fragmented health system have been identified. Compelling evidence indicates that target LDL-C levels are not achieved throughout the Middle East region. In addition, high-risk patients are often left unidentified with adequate treatment. CONCLUSION: This statement recommends specific multilevel interventions to optimize the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of ASCVD. These recommendations focus on strengthening primary and secondary prevention through education initiatives, establishment of specialized prevention and treatment centers, and development of local and regional CPGs.