Unusual complication of a urinary stone in a child: spontaneous rupture of the renal pelvis with the migration of calculus into the retroperitoneum

Spontaneous perforation of the renal pelvis and extravasation of urine into the perinephric space is an extremely rare condition in childhood. It is mostly related to underlying congenital urinary tract abnormalities and caused by urolithiasis or infection in the setting of urinary obstruction. Here, we report a case of an 18-month-old female patient with rupture of the renal pelvis by an extruded kidney stone and its management.