Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Understanding the prevalence of mental disorders and associated factors is essential for public health. This study examined the associations between sociodemographic characteristics, dietary patterns, and common mental disorders among adults in São Paulo, Brazil, during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 470 adults recruited online. Mental disorders were assessed using the SRQ-20 (cut-off ≥ 7), and dietary intake was evaluated with a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) that captured both frequency and portion sizes. Sociodemographic data were collected via a self-reported survey. Data analysis employed χ (2) tests, independent t-tests, and Pearson correlations, with a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS: A higher prevalence of mental disorders was observed among younger adults (18-30 years), single individuals, those with secondary education, and those receiving psychotherapeutic care (all p < 0.001). Dietary analysis revealed that individuals with disorders consumed significantly fewer vegetables (p < 0.001) but more fruits (p < 0.001) and oils/fats (p < 0.05) compared to those without disorders. No significant difference was found in processed meat consumption (p = 0.35). Correlation analyses revealed a positive association between adequate oil/fat consumption and SRQ-20 scores (r = 0.11; p < 0.01). Although inadequate meat consumption showed a statistically significant association (p = 0.004), the correlation coefficient was negligible (r ≈ 0.00). CONCLUSION: This study reveals significant associations between sociodemographic factors, dietary patterns, and mental disorders during the pandemic. Individuals with disorders exhibited a distinct dietary profile characterized by lower vegetable intake but higher consumption of fruits and fats. The correlation findings highlight the need for cautious interpretation of statistically significant but clinically negligible associations.