Abstract
BACKGROUND: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors are extremely rare in the neck of infants, and pathological diagnosis may be challenging. Kinase fusions play an important role in the biology of many inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, becoming an effective diagnostic method. CASE PRESENTATION: In this report, we present the case of an East Asian (Han Chinese) patient with rare infant inflammatory myofibroblastoma. DNA-based but not RNA-based next-generation sequencing was used to identify its targetable ROS1 fusions. CONCLUSION: This case highlights the importance of simultaneously detecting DNA and RNA using next-generation sequencing in clinical practice.