Conclusions
Universal adhesive systems used in dentistry have cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in live cells. Universal adhesive systems should, therefore, be used with caution due to their cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in clinical applications.
Methods
L929 (mouse fibroblast) cells were exposed to G-Premio Bond (GPB) (GC Europe, Belgium), Prime&Bond Universal (Dentsply Sirona, USA), Universal Bond Quick (Kuraray, USA), Single Bond (SB) Universal (3M ESPE, USA), and Tokuyama Universal Bond (TB) (Tokuyama, USA). Cell viability was assessed by the 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide test, whereas oxidative DNA damage was assessed by determining the 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine level using an enzyme-linked immunoassay kit. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance, followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests.
Results
Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of TB and SB Universal groups were significantly higher than the other groups (P < 0.05). Among the adhesives tested, GPB (93.0 ± 1.3) had the least cytotoxicity, while TB (67.3 ± 3.0) had the most cytotoxic effect. In terms of genotoxicity, GPB (2.2 ± 0.3) had the least genotoxic effect, while Tokuyama Bond Universal (4.17 ± 0.4) had the most genotoxic effect. Conclusions: Universal adhesive systems used in dentistry have cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in live cells. Universal adhesive systems should, therefore, be used with caution due to their cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in clinical applications.