Abstract
This study evaluated how varying calcium silicate (30-50%) and radiopacifier (45-65%) ratios affected the physicochemical properties of experimental sealers (P1-P3) compared to Bio-C Sealer, AH Plus Bioceramic, and AH Plus Jet. Properties such as flowability, solubility, and radiopacity were assessed per ISO 6876/2012, and setting time followed ASTM C266-2008. pH and volumetric changes were measured in acrylic teeth (n = 10) filled with each sealer, with pH evaluated at 3, 24, 72, and 168 h, and volume changes assessed via micro-CT at baseline and after 7 days. P1 showed setting time similar to AH Plus Bioceramic (p > 0.05). All calcium silicate-based sealers had greater solubility than AH Plus Jet (p < 0.05), with only P3 meeting ISO standards. P1 and AH Plus Jet exhibited higher radiopacity (p < 0.05). Bio-C Sealer and AH Plus Bioceramic had more volume change than P2 (p < 0.05). All experimental sealers showed stable volume and increasing alkalinity, peaking at 72h. Bio-C Sealer showed a consistent pH rise, except between 24 and 168 h (p > 0.05). Sealer properties were strongly influenced by the composition. P1 (30% calcium silicate/65% radiopacifier) had superior flowability and radiopacity, while P3 (50% calcium silicate/45% radiopacifier) was the only one to meet solubility standards.