Abstract
Brachial plexus blockade is utilized for pain control during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate brachial plexus blockade with liposomal bupivacaine plus bupivacaine (LB+B) as compared with ropivacaine plus dexamethasone (R+D) for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Our hypothesis was that the use of LB+B would result in lower pain scores and opioid consumption as compared with R+D. METHODS: We performed a randomized controlled trial of 45 patients receiving ultrasound-guided brachial plexus blockade with LB+B and 44 patients receiving R+D prior to arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. The "worst pain" score in a 24-hour period, oral morphine equivalent dose (OMED), and overall benefit of analgesia score (OBAS) were recorded for 8 days following surgery. RESULTS: Patient-reported "worst pain" was significantly lower in the LB+B group as compared with the R+D group on postoperative day 0 through day 5. OMED was significantly less for all 8 days studied, with an average cumulative 8-day OMED of 48.5 milligram equivalents in the LB+B group as compared with 190.1 milligram equivalents in the R+D group (p < 0.001). The OBAS score was significantly lower in the LB+B group as compared with R+D group on all postoperative days. The use of LB+B for brachial plexus blockade resulted in a 4% complication rate in a population of patients predominantly with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores of 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS: The use of LB+B for brachial plexus blockade during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair was associated with a significant and sustained decrease in the "worst pain" score, opioid consumption, and OBAS compared with R+D. LB+B for brachial plexus blockade also exhibited a strong safety profile. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.