Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemias (AML) harboring a constitutively active internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation in the FMS-like kinase tyrosine kinase (FLT3) receptor are associated with poor patient prognosis. Despite initial clinical responses to FLT3 kinase inhibitors, patients eventually relapse. Mechanisms of resistance include the acquisition of secondary FLT3 mutations and protective stromal signaling within the bone marrow niche. Here we show that LAM-003, a prodrug of the heat shock protein 90 inhibitor LAM-003A, has cytotoxic activity against AML cell lines and primary samples harboring FLT3-ITD. LAM-003 regressed tumors in an MV-4-11 xenograft mouse model and extended survival in a MOLM-13 systemic model. LAM-003 displayed synergistic activity with chemotherapeutic drugs and FLT3 inhibitors, with the most robust synergy being obtained with venetoclax, a BCL-2 inhibitor. This finding was verified in a MOLM-13 systemic survival model in which the combination significantly prolonged survival compared with the single agents. Importantly, LAM-003 exhibited equipotent activity against FLT3 inhibitor-resistant mutants of FLT3, such as D835 or F691, in cytotoxic and FLT3 degradation assays. LAM-003 also retained potency in AML cells grown in stromal-conditioned media that were resistant to FLT3 inhibitors. Lastly, a genome-wide CRISPR screen revealed epigenetic regulators, including KDM6A, as determinants of LAM-003 sensitivity in AML cell lines, leading to the discovery of synergy with an EZH2 inhibitor. Collectively, these preclinical findings support the use of LAM-003 in FLT3-ITD patients with AML who no longer respond to FLT3 inhibitor therapy either as a single agent or in combination with drugs known to be active in AML.