Abstract
We present a state of the science on HIV behavioral prevention interventions in Black and Hispanic/Latinx communities. The purpose of this article is threefold: (a) highlight the early documented underlying social and political barriers that constrained interventions to prevent new HIV infections; (b) address the structural inequities in HIV prevention and treatment; and (c) describe the need for increasing HIV multilevel prevention interventions that support greater HIV testing and pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake. To address HIV prevention, multilevel interventions that address individual, structural, and social level components have demonstrated more sustainable outcomes. Implications for research and clinical practice include (a) updating antiquated curricula in nursing, medicine, and public health that perpetuate racial, structural-level inequities and (b) increasing the pipeline for Black and Hispanic/Latinx persons to pursue research or clinical-focused doctorate degrees.