Abstract
BACKGROUND: Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD) are apparently exposed to enhanced oxidative stress and to inflammation. It was the aim of this study to characterize the state of systemic oxidative stress of ESRD patients before and following HD using highly specific biomarkers, F(2)-isoprostanes and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). Furthermore the question should be answered, if there are associations between inflammation and systemic oxidative stress and/or between systemic oxidative stress and renal anemia, which is more or less typical for HD patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Concentrations of F(2)-isoprostanes, HNE, C-reactive protein (CRP) as marker of inflammation, and hemoglobin were measured in serum samples of patients with ESRD before and after HD and of healthy control persons for comparison. Total (esterified plus free) F(2)-isoprostanes were quantified by highly sensitive gas chromatography/mass spectrometry technique, HNE by thin layer chromatography and HPLC/UV detection, CRP by immunoturbidimetry and hemoglobin by clinico-chemical routine assay. RESULTS: 1. HD patients showed significantly higher serum concentrations of F(2)-isoprostanes and HNE than healthy human control subjects. 2. Total (esterified plus free) F(2)-isoprostane levels before HD were not significantly different from those after HD, whereas HNE levels were significantly decreased in patients after HD. 3. F(2)-isoprostane concentrations in HD patients correlated with the levels of CRP, whereas HNE concentrations inversely correlated with the content of hemoglobin. CONCLUSION: Both, F(2)-isoprostanes and HNE serum concentrations are useful oxidative stress parameters in ESRD patients undergoing HD. Whereas HNE strongly correlates with the severity of renal anemia, leading to left heart insufficiency, F(2)-isoprostanes (sum of free plus esterified) highly correlate with the degree of inflammation.