Abstract
Commentaries on the section "Applications of Non-equilibrium Physics" of the 21st IUPAB Congress 2024 were presented. The abstract and presentations of the session were briefly introduced. This session brought together leading researchers to discuss the latest advancements and applications of non-equilibrium physics in biological systems. The talks highlighted the theoretical and experimental approaches used to explore non-equilibrium phenomena, including energy transduction, self-organization, and dynamic stability in complex biological structures. This session provided a comprehensive overview of the current state of non-equilibrium physics in biophysics, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and setting the stage for future research directions in this rapidly evolving field.