Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Annular reduction with prosthetic rings represents the current surgical treatment of functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR). However, alterations of annular geometry and dynamics associated with FTR are not well characterized. METHODS: FTR was induced in 29 adult sheep with either 8 weeks of pulmonary artery banding (PAB, n = 15) or 3 weeks of tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC, n = 14). Eight healthy sheep served as controls (CTL). At the terminal procedure, all animals underwent sternotomy, epicardial echocardiography, and implantation of sonomicrometry crystals on the tricuspid annulus (TA) and right ventricular free wall while on cardiopulmonary bypass. Simultaneous hemodynamic, sonomicrometry, and echocardiographic data were acquired after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass and stabilization. Annular geometry and dynamics were calculated from 3-dimensional crystal coordinates. RESULTS: Mean FTR grade (0-4) was 3.2 ± 1.2 and 3.2 ± 0.5 for PAB and TIC, respectively, with both models of FTR associated with similar degree of right ventricular dysfunction (right ventricular fractional area contraction 38 ± 7% and 37 ± 9% for PAB and TIC, respectively). Left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly reduced in TIC versus baseline (33 ± 9%, vs 58 ± 4%, P = .0001). TA area was 651 ± 109 mm(2), 881 ± 242 mm(2), and 995 ± 232 mm(2) for CTL, FTR, and TIC, respectively (P = .006) with TA area contraction of 16.6 ± 4.2%, 11.5 ± 8.0%, and 6.0 ± 4.0%, respectively (P = .003). Septal annulus increased from 33.8 ± 3.1 mm to 39.7 ± 6.4 mm and 43.1 ± 3.2 mm for CTL, PAB, and TIC, respectively (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Ovine FTR was associated with annular dilation and reduced annular area contraction. Significant dilation of septal annulus was observed in both models of FTR. As tricuspid rings do not completely stabilize the septal annulus, continued remodeling may contribute to recurrent FTR after repair.