Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain by live attenuated influenza vaccine virus as a strategy for designing a bivalent vaccine against COVID-19 and influenza

利用减毒活流感疫苗病毒表达 SARS-CoV-2 受体结合域作为设计针对 COVID-19 和流感的二价疫苗的策略

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作者:Ekaterina Stepanova, Irina Isakova-Sivak, Daria Mezhenskaya, Sergei Niskanen, Victoria Matyushenko, Ekaterina Bazhenova, Alexandra Rak, Pei Fong Wong, Polina Prokopenko, Tatiana Kotomina, Elena Krutikova, Sergei Legotskiy, Bogdan Neterebskii, Tatiana Ostroukhova, Konstantin Sivak, Yana Orshanskaya, 

Abstract

Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 are two major respiratory pathogens that cocirculate in humans and cause serious illness with the potential to exacerbate disease in the event of co-infection. To develop a bivalent vaccine, capable of protecting against both infections, we inserted the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein into hemagglutinin (HA) molecule or into the open reading frame of the truncated nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) virus and assessed phenotypic characteristics of the rescued LAIV-RBD viruses, as well as their immunogenicity in mouse and Syrian hamster animal models. A panel of 9 recombinant LAIV-RBD viruses was rescued using the A/Leningrad/17 backbone. Notably, only two variants with RBD insertions into the HA molecule could express sufficient quantities of RBD protein in infected MDCK cells. Intranasal immunization of mice induced high levels of anti-influenza antibody responses in all chimeric LAIV-RBD viruses, which was comparable to the LAIV virus vector. The RBD-specific antibody responses were most pronounced in the variant expressing RBD194 fragment as a chimeric HA protein. This candidate was further tested in Syrian hamsters and was shown to be immunogenic and capable of protecting animals against both infections.

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