Abstract
Heavy metals, nitrate, and nitrite pose significant risks to public health and have raised substantial concern worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the content of nitrate, nitrite, and heavy metals, including Ba, Be, Ca, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, and Na, in 30 bottled water brands in winter and summer in Tehran, Iran. Heavy metal contents in the samples were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and nitrate and nitrite contents were analyzed using Ion Chromatography (IC). Nitrate concentrations ranged from 0.28 to 38.87 mg/L, and nitrite contents ranged from 0.001 to 0.13 mg/L. The mean concentration of Ba, Ca, K, Li, Mg, Mn, and Na in the bottled drinking water brands were 11.30, 7874.40, 121.27, 2.52, 4960.49, 0.22, and 12321.70 μg/L; and in the bottled mineral water brands were 15.71, 12262.05, 166.38, 4.13, 3747.07,