Abstract
AIMS AND BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to assess the alteration of surface roughness and occlusal stains in zirconia crowns produced for pediatric dental applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study combined clinical observation and in vitro experimentation. The clinical component involved collecting data from 20 pediatric patients under the age of 6 years who received zirconia crowns in their upper teeth and stainless steel crowns (SSCs) in their lower teeth. A standardized shade guide was used to evaluate staining severity. The laboratory component analyzed surface roughness of zirconia crowns opposed with zirconia crowns compared to those opposed with SSCs using a chewing simulator machine. RESULTS: Zirconia crowns opposed with SSCs caused maximum surface staining and roughness changes due to metal transfer through biofilms formed on the surfaces, with significant differences (p < 0.001) and large effect sizes. CONCLUSION: The combination of zirconia crowns with SSCs may increase the chances of surface corrosion and staining. The selection of materials and their opposing counterparts determines the longevity, appearance, and overall quality of pediatric zirconia crowns. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Zirconia crowns opposing SSCs have increased surface roughness and staining of the occlusal surface; so, when choosing materials, we need to be careful regarding their application to pediatric dentistry. These observations inform clinicians on how to maximize restorative modalities to increase durability and esthetics. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Bahammam HA, Rady AF. Evaluation of Occlusal Stains and Surface Roughness of Prefabricated Zirconia Crowns in Pediatric Dentistry: An Observational and In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(12):1431-1436.