Abstract
Visual impairment is a severe global health problem. Underlying ocular diseases can affect both the anterior and posterior eye. Unfortunately, the efficient delivery of drug molecules to the posterior eye, especially the retina, is still a major challenge. This review provides an overview of the difficulties and limitations of current delivery options for the treatment of eye diseases in the light of drug nanotherapy. Furthermore, ocular changes that are relevant for nanotherapeutic approaches are illustrated using the example of diabetic retinopathy (DR). The therapeutic focus is on promising approaches of using nanoparticles (NP) for the therapy of the posterior segment of the human eye. The overall aim of this review is to scrutinize how NP could fill gaps in the field of ocular drug therapy.