Abstract
: Substance use disorders account for a significant burden of disease and place an enormous strain on the health care system in the United States and beyond. Despite death tolls climbing, a myriad of evidence-based medications exist to effectively treat many substance use disorders including nicotine, alcohol, and opioid use disorders. To date, hospitals have largely been overlooked as a setting ripe for the delivery of specialized addiction care. This occurs despite a high lifetime prevalence of a substance use disorder (50%) occurring among hospitalized individuals. A potential barrier to this is the lack of addiction medicine training that currently exists in undergraduate and graduate medical education. Consequently, a paucity of existing physicians report feeling competent to adequately screen for, diagnose or treat substance use disorders. Given the prevalence, cost and potentially lethal consequences of substance use disorders, a critical need exists to improve its identification and evidence-based management in hospital settings.