Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) presents an enormous and growing burden on the Canadian health care system. Elevated serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are an established, major risk factor in the development of premature CVD. There is strong evidence that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, or statins, significantly lower both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and CVD risk. However, there is currently a treatment gap, in that a large segment of the population who should be receiving statins due to elevated serum cholesterol levels are not. Individuals at moderate risk of developing CVD represent one large population segment that is currently being undertreated. This group may be a candidate for receiving over-the-counter (OTC) or behind-the-counter (BTC) statins, which may be a suitable primary prevention strategy. Nonetheless, it must be noted that hypercholesterolemia is a complex, chronic condition that must be carefully managed and requires close consultation with a health care practitioner. The advantages and disadvantages of OTC or BTC statin usage must therefore be carefully weighed before any potential introduction of OTC or BTC statins in Canada.