Abstract
Placental-derived products have been used since the early 1900s for wound applications and have shown clinical utility in supporting wound healing. A hypothermically stored amniotic membrane (HSAM) was developed using a proprietary process to allow for the retention of the extracellular matrix (ECM), viable cells, and key proteins. To evaluate its utility, we characterized the HSAM and compared it to a native unprocessed amniotic membrane (uAM) and a dehydrated amniotic membrane (dAM), as well as assessing the functionality of the HSAM as a scaffold to promote cell growth. The HSAM, uAM, and dAM were compared using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), histology, and thickness. Scaffold durability was assessed in vitro using mechanical testing and a simulated wound fluid (SWF) model. The ability of the HSAM to act as a scaffold was evaluated using an in vitro attachment model. The HSAM showed similar structural characteristics compared to the uAM; however, the dAM was significantly more compact. There were no significant differences between the HSAM and the uAM following degradation in an SWF model. ECM- and placental-related proteins were shared between the HSAM and uAM, and the HSAM enhanced the attachment and proliferation of fibroblasts in vitro. The HSAM is substantially similar to the uAM by retaining key regulatory proteins, resisting degradation in SWF, and acting as a scaffold for cellular growth and invasion.